Reflection on “A Thousand Splendid Suns” Essay

â€Å"One could not count the moons that shimmer on her roofs. And the thousand splendid suns that hide behind her walls.† Closing the book, I just feel real and hopeful. I will not say this story is a tragedy, and I hate when people generalise it as a book where everyone died except for Laila, Tariq and their children. Indeed, a depressing and melancholy mood is seemed to be perpetuated throughout the book, which has a large time frame spanning over decades (making it also a thought-provoking historical fiction); we agonise over the misfortune of the many characters, over their fickle lives under the most evil torture of the human rights. It’s not the kind of affliction or anguish that is easy to resonate with, as lives as well as the social norms in Afghanistan are unfamiliar to most of us. But somehow, no matter how this book is portrayed as a fiction, from deep inside my heart, I know this must be the reality, the bare truth of a brutal period of modern history. The first reason, I assume, is that Hosseini is a master of story-telling. When I marvelled at Mariam’s courage to stand up against Rasheed, moved by Laila and Tariq’s unfading hope for a brighter future, I wonder, aren’t they just people who cannot be more ordinary? Every time when a person died in the story, especially those who are not the crucial roles and their deaths were merely mentioned in one line, it occurred to me that there must be thousands of Lailas, Tariqs and Mariams in Afghanistan. Each one of them had been the hero in his/her own story. That’s why at the end of the story, I felt so real and so empowered – I might be the hero of my own story. The second reason, is that every character is created so real that you cannot simply love or hate anyone. I was really surprised that I didn’t cry for many of the sad scenes until I read about Jalil’s Disney tape and his letter. Jalil, the one who deeply broke or, more precisely, devastate Mariam’s heart, who once been a cold businessman and gave away his daughter without a dither turned out to be a father who really cared for Mariam for all those years, who still regretted the Disney movie he didn’t take her to watch. He realised that at the end of his life, the thing that should be cherished most is the opportunity of being a father, the thing that should be embraced most tightly is his daughter. This person, is just so real. Even Rasheed, who is the major cause of the two women’s misfortune, has showed his fatherly love when Zalmai was born. Everyone in this story is a three-dimensional person; none of them is perfect, but each one of them can be a splendid sun shining in the sky of Afghanistan. â€Å"Real† is definitely not the only feeling I have after reading it, the most overwhelming one must be â€Å"hopeful†. Hosseini has never intended to depress anyone since the very first beginning when he wrote down the title of book – â€Å"A thousand splendid suns†. Though the walls may seemed to be ashen and rough, I can still see the thousand splendid suns hide behind the walls. This is exactly the motto, the spirit that inspired everyone in this book to keep on struggling. For Mariam, she was able to have â€Å"a legitimate end to a life of illegitimate beginnings.† because she â€Å"has loved and been loved back†. For Laila and Tariq, their splendid suns are their children, children in Afghanistan and each other. For Laila’s Babi, his splendid suns are Laila and her Mammy. For Jalil, at the end of his life, he still possessed hope to take Mariam in his arms â€Å"as he should have all those years ago†. Even for Rasheed, he once lost a splendid sun in his life, that’s why he would never let it go once Zalmai was born, who turned out to be his new splendid sun. Yes, most of them died. But they were lucky; they died with hope. In the end, I feel so real and hopeful that I almost see a thousand splendid suns shining in the sky now.

Las Ferreterias de Mexico

Good management- Most of the Employees value rewards of different nature and they are therefore motivated by positive rewards. Employees are known to put less effort to those activities or tasks that are not well rewarded and hence in order to motivate them in their work, a good scheme for rewarding them is important. These rewards are different in nature and include compensation, awards, off duties and many others. Mr. Gonzalez came up with the idea of implementing compensation plan as a way of improving performance of the employees in the company.His intention was to include managers, buyers and salesmen in this new compensation incentive. However, the consultancy firm found this to be difficult since it was challenging to measure the performance of the salesmen and buyers. The consultancy firm therefore advised Mr. Gonzalez to use the plan for managers of the companies only without including other staffs. The success of any plan or policy depends so much on the involvement of peop le who will be affected by that plan in its development.Employees will always support implementation of a plan they were involved in its development. For instance, considering their views before the development of the scheme will make them to own the plan and therefore support it when it comes to the implementation of the plan. This means that for the success of the new compensation plan, Mr. Gonzalez had to make sure that he involved all the parties who will be affected by the new plan. In the development of the new compensation schemes, Mr.Gonzalez sought the services of the consultancy firm who worked together with the human resource and finance department representatives. The involvement of these two departments was important in order take care of financial and human resource considerations during the plan implementation. However, the plan did not involve other staffs who were to be affected by the plan. This include managers from other departments such as store managers and sal es manager who were the beneficially of the new plan.This could make it difficulty for the company to implement the plan since there may be tradeoffs between the performance of the whole team and that of individual managers (Gerhart et al, 2009). During the development of the plan, it was necessary to take and consider the views of other managers and not just human resource and finance managers. This would have made the plan makers to consider all the issues like bonus pool allocation, performance measures to be used and other important issues that may affect theimplementation of the plan. This would have ensured issues like how the bonus will be allocated among the managers. The plan allocated 70% of the bonus to the store managers and the rest to corporate staffs and regional managers. Though, store managers perform a crucial role in sales, other department managers may not be comfortable with the way the bonus is allocated. The allocation of the bonus could have been agreed by al l departmental managers before the implementation of the new plan.BONUS POOL ALLOCATIONAccording to the new compensation plan, the bonus pool would be allocated among store managers depending on the bonus units they have earned. A 5% earning in ROI would earn a store manager one unit of bonus. Any additional percentage earning in ROI would earn an additional bonus unit. This formula will continue to apply as the percentage in ROI earning increases. The allocation will also put into consideration those store managers who have been in their position for a period less than a year.The allocation of bonus among regional managers would be different where the formula used will consider the bonus unit that has been earned by stores in the managers’ region divided by all total unit bonus that have been earned by all stores in the company. Finally according to the new compensation plan, bonus pool for the corporate staff would be divided by the CEO, depending on the ROI earnings of the corporation in that year. The formula used in the compensation plan is very clear and simple hence understandable by all managers. A good bonus plan should be simple and clear to the parties who are affected by that plan.This would make it simple for those party affected by the plan to implement it. Clarity of the compensation plan means that the plan has little or no ambiguity and uncertainty about the standards that will be used to measure the performance of the beneficiaries. This means that the superiors are not in a position to show any favourism or bias when measuring the performance of their subordinates. In this company, the formula applied is based on the allocation of bonus pool among the store managers according to the unit bonus they have earned relative to the ROI earning.The formula is simple and managers can easily understand it and work hard to increase their ROI earning in order for them to increase their bonus units. Again, the formula is fixed and it may not be p ossible for those people who will be assessing the performance of the managers to show any bias or favouritism. This will ensure the efficiency of the compensation plan. This also applies to the formula used to calculate bonus for regional managers and corporate staffs. A good reward system should produce some impacts to the corporation.The system used should be aimed to improve the performance of the organisation after its implementation. Managers and other staffs ought to be motivated to work hard by the reward system as they strive to earn the promised bonus. Their increased performance will be reflected in the increased performance of the whole company. In addition, a good reward system ought to be timely where employees are rewarded immediately without any delay. This will motivate workers to work even harder in the next period thus improving the performance of the corporation in the long term.THE PRINCIPLLE OF CONTROLLABILITYAccording to the controllability principle, all empl oyees ought to be held accountable only for those variables that are within their control (Giraud et al, 2008). Employees ought not to be penalized when things fail because of bad luck as well as not being rewarded when things succeed because of good luck. Thus managers should be held accountable for the outcomes of the variables they control. At managerial level, many factors that affect the performance of an organisation are only partially controlled. However, managers are usually in a position to make decisions that may make the uncontrollable factors affect result in a positive way.The advantage of this method is that managers can be held accountable for the areas they are intended to influence. This will direct all the effort of the managers to the areas that can improve the performance of the organistion (profit centre). For instance, the compensation plan employed by Mr. Gonzalez will hold managers accountable for their profit centre.The main profit centre of the corporation are the stores thus basing the compensation plan of the managers on performance of this area will ensure that, managers effort are directed to the profit centre. Managers will also be more responsible since they will be accountable for all the factors they are controlling in the stores. However managers should also be rewarded for those factors they do not control and yet affect the outcome of their division outcome.BONUS DECISION ON CORPORATE PROFITThe new compensation plan is based on the ROI earnings at the end of financial year. The allocation of bonus among corporate staffs is based directly on the ROI earning of the corporate while among the managers it is indirectly based on ROI earnings. This means the bonus compensation plan may have impact on the corporate profit as it becomes expenses to the company.Increased ROI does not necessarily translate to increased profit and therefore basing bonus compensation on ROI may reduce the profit of the company due to increased expenses. The payment of all bonuses may be too expensive to the corporation thus reducing the profit of the organisation. However, this does not mean that the increased performance of the managers would not increase the profit of the corporation.QUESTION TWO CHALLENGES OF USING ROI Though the use of ROI to measure the performance of different division has a many advantages, it also has many disadvantages (Rachlin, 1997). Using this method to measure the performance of managers in the corporation may pose a number of challenges to Mr. Gonzales. According to Hoffman and Rogelberg (1998), the method may be referred to as a discretionary system since it does not include all the staffs of the corporation. The plan only covers the managers and does not cover other players in profit generation such as salesmen and buyers.This means that the plan will not motivate all the workers together since it only covers some of them and not all of them. This will be difficult for all the employees to be unite d in order to achieve a common goal of improving performance of the organisation. Increasing ROI earnings can only occurs when all the employees of the organisation combine their effort together to achieve a certain level of ROI earnings. This is not possible when all the staffs are not rewarded fairly for their effort.ROI performance measures show the ratio of the profit in relation to the investment used to generate it. This measure at times may be problematic for instance when it comes to the determination of the investments that were used to generate a given level of profit. It is difficult to measure the amount of fixed asset that was used to generate a given level of profit. Mr. Gonzalez may find it difficult to relate the profit generated in a given store with fixed assets that were used to generate that profit. This because fixed assets will be used in more than one financial year.The use of ROI earnings to measure the performance of managers may lead to sub optimization whe re managers concentrate only on the ROI earnings of their division without necessary working to improve the performance of the whole corporation. Improving the ROI of a certain division is usually a short term goal which may not increase the performance of the organisation in the long term. Managers and other staffs may work very hard only for the purpose of earning the bonuses in the new compensation plan without necessary aiming to improve the performance of the company.The measure of earning on investments may also include those factors that are not controlled by the managers. This may include liabilities and assets that are not controlled by division managers and yet they affect the profit of a given store. Division managers usually control receivables and payments within that division and they should only be accountable for that. Holding division managers accountable for factors they do not control may be unfair to them. Thus Mr. Gonzalez ought to look for a method of measuring performance that will be fairer to all the managers.The use of ROI method may also create unhealthy competition among the store managers. Bonus pool is allocated among store managers according to the percentage of ROI they have earned in their stores. The managers can therefore do anything possible to increase their ROI so that they can increase their bonus. This may involve manipulating their revenue and expenses in order to report high profit figures at the end of financial period. This behaviour will create unnecessary short term pressure among the managers which can be avoided using a different method of measuring the performance of the managers (Eva & Mika, 2010).This may have a negative impact to the long term performance of the company. Each division may also work more independent without co-working with other divisions since different divisions will be operating like rivals which may also not improve the long term performance of the company. It is also difficult to know whe ther the increase in sale in a certain store is as result of the new compensation plan (Sammer, 2006). It may take sometime before Mr. Gonzalez knows whether the implemented plan is successful.This is because there are other factors that are not controlled by the manager that may result in increased ROI earning. The use of the ROI method compare all managers on the same platform without considering differences in areas like their division, their region and many other differences. For instances, managers in different departments carry out different operations that have different expenses and revenues. These differences will also affect their department profitability and thus their earnings in ROI.Different regions also have different rate of sales and although efforts put by manager in that region matters, regional differences will also affect the outcome of those regions. The use of ROI to measure the profitability of the manager does not put into consideration factors like regional differences which will affect the outcome of a certain region. Thus rewarding managers using ROI earnings which do not consider such factors will be unfair to some managers who may come from those regions that are not favourable.

Analysis Poem No Coward Soul Is Mine

With wide-embracing love Thy Spirit animates eternal years, Pervades and broods above, Changes, sustains, dissolves, creates, and rears. Though earth and man were gone, And suns and universes ceased to be, And Thou wert left alone, Every existence would exist in Thee. There is not room for Death, Nor atom that his might could render void: Thou — Thou art Being and Breath, And what Thou art may never be destroyed. Analysis Connotative words: First stanza In the second line, storm-troubled has negative connotative meaning. Denotative meaning from storm is an extreme weather condition with very strong wind, heavy rain, and lighting; and the denotative meaning of trouble s to cause someone to have a problems or difficulties. The word storm-troubled is a compound verb that has connotative meaning an activity of destroying something with the powerful energy or an activity that can cause a dangerous effect. In the fourth line, shines has positive connotative meaning. The denotative meaning from shines as verb is to send out or reflect light; the connotative meaning is to show something or looks like. Also in fourth line, the word arming has positive connotative meaning. The word arming comes from word arm and affix  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œing. Arming then has meaning as verb. The denotative meaning from arm is part of body which consist of two long parts of the upper body that fixed to the shoulders and have hands at the end. The connotative meaning from arming is to embrace or to hug someone, also to save or to make safety from something. Second stanza In the first line, the word breast has positive connotative meaning. The denotative meaning from breast is part of body, especially has relation with women. The connotative meaning from this word is deep inside of heart. In this line the poet wants to show that she really believes in God, so that she says that God in her breast or in her deep inside of her heart. Fourth Stanza In the fourth line, Rock has positive connotative meaning. The denotation meaning of rock is the dry solid part of the Earth’s surface; stone. The connotative meaning of Rock here is the faith, beliefs, or religion that people have to have. Seventh Stanza In the third line, Being and Breath has positive connotative meanings. The denotative meaning of being is a person or thing that exists or the state of existing; and breath is the air that goes into and out of lungs. The connotative meaning of those words is the One who only has the being forever or the One who can give a life or soul for the creature. Analysis Poem No Coward Soul Is Mine With wide-embracing love Thy Spirit animates eternal years, Pervades and broods above, Changes, sustains, dissolves, creates, and rears. Though earth and man were gone, And suns and universes ceased to be, And Thou wert left alone, Every existence would exist in Thee. There is not room for Death, Nor atom that his might could render void: Thou — Thou art Being and Breath, And what Thou art may never be destroyed. Analysis Connotative words: First stanza In the second line, storm-troubled has negative connotative meaning. Denotative meaning from storm is an extreme weather condition with very strong wind, heavy rain, and lighting; and the denotative meaning of trouble s to cause someone to have a problems or difficulties. The word storm-troubled is a compound verb that has connotative meaning an activity of destroying something with the powerful energy or an activity that can cause a dangerous effect. In the fourth line, shines has positive connotative meaning. The denotative meaning from shines as verb is to send out or reflect light; the connotative meaning is to show something or looks like. Also in fourth line, the word arming has positive connotative meaning. The word arming comes from word arm and affix  ¬Ã¢â‚¬â€œing. Arming then has meaning as verb. The denotative meaning from arm is part of body which consist of two long parts of the upper body that fixed to the shoulders and have hands at the end. The connotative meaning from arming is to embrace or to hug someone, also to save or to make safety from something. Second stanza In the first line, the word breast has positive connotative meaning. The denotative meaning from breast is part of body, especially has relation with women. The connotative meaning from this word is deep inside of heart. In this line the poet wants to show that she really believes in God, so that she says that God in her breast or in her deep inside of her heart. Fourth Stanza In the fourth line, Rock has positive connotative meaning. The denotation meaning of rock is the dry solid part of the Earth’s surface; stone. The connotative meaning of Rock here is the faith, beliefs, or religion that people have to have. Seventh Stanza In the third line, Being and Breath has positive connotative meanings. The denotative meaning of being is a person or thing that exists or the state of existing; and breath is the air that goes into and out of lungs. The connotative meaning of those words is the One who only has the being forever or the One who can give a life or soul for the creature.

Principle of physiology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Principle of physiology - Assignment Example A marking rubric is provided. This is the guide that the markers are going to use to mark your practical worksheets. Study it carefully. You need to print one of these sheets and include with your worksheet. It may take 15-20 minutes to generate a report so please be patient. This report will tell you how similar (in a %) your work is to other published work. In the example below there is 82% similarity (unacceptable!). One the right hand side it lists where the information has come from listed under 1, 2 and 3. Ideally you should have 0% if you have referenced correctly and put the answers in your own words. Once you have the report if you have any hits (coloured text) which for this piece of work should total no more than 20% you will need to write a short justification for each hit that you receive on your worksheet. Alternatively you can re-write those sections and re: run the Turn It In Report. I understand that students like to include the instructions and or questions in their submission. If the highlighted text is part of the question or instructions for the worksheet then you do not need to justify. You only need to justify â€Å"hits† (highlighted text) that you receive on your answers. Diagrams from textbooks are acceptable but they must be referenced correctly. If you use the diagram exactly how it appears in the textbook the reference would be (Sherwood, 2010). If you add something to the diagram to aid in your explanation (preferable) then the reference would be (modified from Sherwood, 2010). If you have drawn your own original version of a diagram to explain then you will not need to reference (even better option). If you are getting lots of hits and it is showing a lot of similarity with already published work then you are not doing this correctly. You need to modify your style of writing (put it in your own words) and seek assistance with referencing and / or scientific writing. You cannot copy slabs of text from

Excel Analysis of Amazon and Ebay Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Excel Analysis of Amazon and Ebay - Assignment Example Therefore, the study has provided computation ratios for the two companies as indicated in the two attached spread sheet files attached as well as a summary of ratios. AMAZON FINANCIAL RATIOS Fins AS Version 2008010211 Ratios - ending Company: Amazon.com Analyst: Nanyail Smoke Most Recent Year Available: 2012 Years Available for: Income Statement (1-5) 5 Balance Sheet (1-5) 5 * EOY values instead of averages - - - - - - Liquidity 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 - - - - - - Days' Sales in Receivables 20.10 19.52 16.94 14.71 15.75 * Accounts Receivable Turnover 18.16 18.70 21.55 24.81 23.18 * A/R Turnover in Days 20.10 19.52 16.94 14.71 15.75 Days' Sales in Inventory 47.88 48.87 44.00 41.75 34.28 * Inventory Turnover 7.62 7.47 8.30 8.74 10.65 * Inventory Turnover in Days 47.88 48.87 44.00 41.75 34.28 * Operating Cycle 67.98 68.38 60.94 56.47 50.03 Working Capital 2,294 2,594 3,375 2,361 1,330 Current Ratio 1.12 1.17 1.33 1.32 1.28 Acid Test 0.78 0.82 1.00 0.99 0.94 Cash Ratio 0.60 0.64 0.84 0 .86 0.79 * Sales to Working Capital 26.63 18.53 10.13 10.38 14.41 Cash Flow/Cur. Mat. of Debt & NP #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! - - - - - - long-term debt-paying ability 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 - - - - - - Times Interest Earned 4.39 11.75 51.20 35.15 13.69 Fixed Charge Coverage 3.52 11.75 51.20 35.15 13.69 Debt Ratio 74.84% 69.31% 63.48% 62.27% 68.53% Debt/Equity 297.40% 225.87% #DIV/0! 162.75% 211.15% Debt to Tangible Net Worth 431.97% 301.98% -884.58% 212.68% 252.55% Cash Flow/Total Debt 17.16% 22.28% 29.29% 38.48% 28.48% - - - - - - Profitability 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 - - - - - - Net Profit Margin 0.19% 1.34% 3.35% 3.70% 3.41% * Total Asset Turnover 1.88 1.90 1.82 1.78 2.33 * Return on Assets 0.36% 2.54% 6.09% 6.61% 7.94% Operating Income Margin 1.11% 1.79% 4.11% 4.61% 4.39% * Operating Asset Turnover 2.04 2.06 1.96 1.96 2.51 * Return on Operating Assets 2.26% 3.70% 8.07% 9.04% 11.01% * Sales to Fixed Assets 8.65 10.88 14.17 19.00 22.44 * Return on Investment 1.53% 6.82% 62.11% 11.23% 20.32% * Return on Total Equity #N/A 8.13% #DIV/0! 17.16% 24.14% * Return on Common Equity #N/A 8.13% #DIV/0! 17.16% 24.14% Gross Profit Margin 24.75% 22.44% 22.35% 22.57% 22.28% - - - - - - Investor Analysis 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 - - - - - - Degree of Financial Leverage 1.17 1.07 1.03 1.03 1.08 Earnings per Share - - - - - Price/Earnings Ratio #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Percentage of Earnings Retained #N/A 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% 100.00% Dividend Payout #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Dividend Yield #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Book Value per Share 18.04 17.05 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Materiality of Options #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Oper. Cash Flow per Share 9.22 8.47 7.66 7.45 3.72 Oper. Cash Flow/Cash Dividends #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! Year-end Market Price 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 EBAY FINANCIAL RATIOS Fins AS Version 2008010211 Ratios - ending Company: Amazon.com Analyst: Nanyail Smoke Most Rece nt Year Available: 2012 Years Available for: Income Statement (1-5) 5 Balance Sheet (1-5) 5 * EOY values instead of averages - - - - - - Liquidity 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 - - - - - - Days' Sales in Receivables 87.26 80.54 63.27 14.71 15.75 * Accounts Receivable Turnover 4.18 4.53 5.77 24.81 23.18 * A/R Turnover in Days 87.26 80.54 63.27 14.71 15.75 Days' Sales in Inventory 522.13 526.46 455.82 41.75 34.28 * Inventory Turnover 0.70 0.69 0.80

Multiple Regression Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Multiple Regression - Essay Example We use a State-wide data set that includes a record of property crimes rates (CRIMES) as well as a record on per capita income (PINCOME), school dropout rates (DROPOUT), precipitation amounts (PRECIP), percentage of public aid recipients (PUBAID), population density (DENSITY), public aid for families with kids in terms of dollars received (KIDS), percentage of unemployed workers (UNEMPLOY), percentage of population living in urban areas. The methodology that we use is that of multiple regression analysis to obtain the magnitude and signs of the coefficients and t and F-tests obtain whether the respective coefficients are significant, individually, or jointly. The regression equation we estimate is the following: (1) Results In this section we present the results of the analysis. Table 1 presents the results of the estimation of equation (1). Table 1: Results of simple OLS regression, all variables included Before interpreting the coefficients we look at the individual and joint signi ficances of the estimated coefficients. From the upper right hand panel we find that F(8, 41) = 11.43 and prob>F =0.000. Recall that the null hypothesis of the f-test is that all coefficients are jointly zero. From the computed statistic and the associated p-value we reject the null hypothesis. Thus, at least one of the parameters is non-zero. Now, from the lower panel in table 1 looking at the 3rd column (t-values) and the 4th column (p values) we can identify which coefficients are significantly different from zero. The null hypothesis of the t-test is that the coefficient in question is equal to zero while the alternative hypothesis is that it is non-zero. Recall that the 5% critical value for the two-sided t-test is 1.96. Looking at the elements from column 3 and 4, we find that only the variables DROPOUT, DENSITY and and URBAN are associated with coefficients that are statistically significantly different from zero. We fail to find evidence in the data that suggests that the nu ll hypothesis is false for the rest of the coefficients as well as the intercept. The upper right hand corner also presents the R-squared and the adjusted R-squared values which show that the fit is decent (anything greater than 50% on these scales is considered decent). In table 2 below, we take a look at whether our results may have been affected by the presence of multi-collnearity. The t-tests of significance showed that there were two significant coefficients and this was further confirmed by the f-test. If multicollinearity is present to any worrisome degree, typically, although the f-test rejects the null, we fail to identify any statistically significant coefficients in the t-test. Thus, there is little evidence of multi-collinearity. Additionally, we also look at the VIFs in table 2 below. Observe that the mean VIF is only 2.46 and the VIF for PINCOME is a bit large (although significantly smaller than 10, the standard indicator of severe and worrisome multicollinearity). T able 2: Testing for presence of multi-colinearity, VIFs Now, we rerun the regression incorporating only the significant variables in the specification. The model is specified as follows: The results of this regression are presented in table 3. Table 3: Results of OLS estimation including only the significant variables Observe first from the table above that the signs and the significances of the included variables remain the same. That is

Individual Report Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Individual Report - Assignment Example The GDP growth rate of the Czech Republic is quite moderate taking into consideration the recent economic downturn. Inflation rate is also moderate, and indicates that the economic environment in the country is favourable for international development. Exchange rate is subject to regulations on behalf of the national government. Taking into consideration projections that the national currency will gradually appreciate, the decision to enter the Czech Republic market should be reviewed. The limitation of this report can be referred to lack of some specific facts about the US-company’s operations, and understanding of the industry in which it operates. Due to this limitation, further research is required. There should be carried more detailed analysis of external environment, including: political, social, technological, legal, and environmental factors. The large US-based multinational company that manufactures and sells its products in a number of other countries, including China and the UK is evaluating opportunities of international expansion, namely to the Czech Republic. The aim of this report is to provide the Chief Executive Officer and Board of Directors with analytical overview of the economic situation in the Czech Republic and provide recommendations regarding expansion of the business to this country. The remainder of the report is comprised of several sections, whereas the literature review section provides theoretical overview of key macroeconomic indicators and how these indicators can be used in order to evaluate economic health of a specific country or region. The next section provides overview of the current economic situation in the Czech Republic based on the macroeconomic indicators such as GDP, inflation rate and exchange rate. Section â€Å"Interpretation† presents analysis of the historical and actual macroeconomic

Pepsi Entry into india A lesson In globilization Case Study

Pepsi Entry into india A lesson In globilization - Case Study Example Haunting challenges in the political, public, economic and social front where there in store aplenty for Pepsi, but the paramount task was to appease the politicians, i.e., the government first, which would automatically reduce the burden in all other front to a great extent. Peter Druker had long back said about the future globe that reciprocity will be the central principle of international economic integration. Thus Pepsi knew that for it to enter India, it has to reciprocate by some deeds that would facilitate the The promises that Pepsi made to deliver if it were allowed access to Indian Market was aplenty. A few noteworthy ones are focussing on food and agro processing generating job opportunities for the people of Punjab, boosting the image of Indian products in foreign markets, etc. Given all these promises, If a question is asked whether the company materialized all that, the answer would be no. It did make an attempt to bring about a green revolution in the state of Punjab; there was a drastic increase in the production of tomatoes, farmers were given free farming equipments and agro based research centres were opened in Karnataka and Punjab. Corporate Social Responsibility is an often heard word now, but the colossal part that it plays is corroborated by Pepsi's entry into India. It was only through its social perks that it got access to the Indian Market.The cat was out of the bag in 1991, around two years after Pepsi's entry into India that it was conspicuous that Pepsi failed in mos t of its obligations. This was a double whammy for the same George Fernandez who blasted the Rajiv Gandhi run Government at the parliament. His accusations where that, pepsi was indulging in under invoicing and by consecutively preparing bogus receipts and hiding transactions to a great extent. That is a different case in itself. A foreign company should be polycentric- meaning, it should consider that each and every host country where they set there shop has got a different set of culture and habits and especially problems with which they wouldn't be in a position to appreciate any endeavour by a foreign company. Thus Pepsi was aware of it and Knew that winning public opinion is the only solution for there entry and especially the farmers of Punjab.There motto was "performance with purpose" which did sell well among the people of India and the politicians. Under this tagline, apart from engaging the farmers' pepsi did quiet a number of social activities like replenishing waste water, waste to wealth initiative, collaboration with farmers through contract farming etc. This only tells that for a multinational company to explore a new customer base, it has to deal with ordinary people of the host country first who may not be their customers in the first place. But still their good will is always necessary for the company to survive.

Utilization research for congestive heart failure education program Proposal

Utilization for congestive heart failure education program - Research Proposal Example Different intervention strategies have been identified that can help in management and treatment of the CHF. Although different interventional strategies exist, there seems to be increase in readmission, and numbers of CHF continue to go up. This calls for identification and innovation of more suitable intervention strategies that give appropriate results. In this perspective, educational interventional strategies have been identified as the primary strategies that can be used to reduce prevalence of CHF. With education, patients, together with stakeholders involved, are likely to acquire knowledge, skills, tools, and experiences that in long-term are likely to be beneficial in promoting awareness of CHF, hence contributing to management. This research proposal provides for educational interventional strategy and explores the effectiveness of the strategy. In addition, planning, implementation, evaluation, and decision-making processes are evaluated and analyzed, hence their efficacy in contributing to success of educational programs. On overall, for educational programs to promote awareness about CHF, the research proposes for adoption of integrated educational interventional strategy that also facilitates consultation and participation. These aspects make educational interventional strategy appear as the most efficient way of addressing the rising cases of CHF. Utilization Research for Congestive Heart Failure Education Program Background Cases of the heart failing to perform effectively have become more prevalent and pronounced in the modern world. As a result, a medical condition known as heart failure, which is believed to affect many people in USA, has emerged (Heart Failure Society of America, 2011). Heart failure (HF) is today viewed to be an important public health issue that faces the health care system. Heart failure, popularly known as the congestive heart failure (CHF), can be described as a condition where the sufferer is unable to experience sufficient blood flow in the heart, which in turn makes it difficult to meet the physiological needs of the body (Chen and Zieve, 2011). Causes of heart failure are myriad but can be connected to issues of lifestyle and dietary, as well as medications. Although the prevalence of heart failure problems are today more pronounced in the society, it has been observed that majority of people wh o have been affected by the disease are still unaware of the condition (Heart Failure Society of America, 2011). This has largely been associated with lack of knowledge many sufferers have, where symptoms associated with the disease are mistaken for normal signs of advancing in the age (Heart Failure Society of America, 2011). For instance, HF is associated with signs like feeling tired and experiencing frequent short breath, which majority of older patients may think constitutes signs of their advancing age. Therefore, this calls for effective diagnosis, which will help in determining the disease in an individual and subsequently being able to determine the course of treatment and management of the disease. The prevalence of the disease is more pronounced in the modern world, and this has led to accelerated efforts aimed at identifying the best methods that can be used to treat and manage the medical condition. Problem Identification By the

Business cultural Dissertation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 14000 words

Business cultural - Dissertation Example 115). Strengthened by the maximum gross domestic product (GDP) per capita within North African region and government expenditures going beyond 48 billion USD every year, Libya has rapidly turn out to be one of the most lucrative markets in the region for a wide range of products and services. As foreign businesses assess the prospect of entering this potentially productive market, endurance, a dependable associate and profound understanding of the political as well as business setting are significant assets that should come with any future venture. Background As Libya carries on to recover from the Qadhafi era, businesses will certainly come across a number of the similar challenges many Libyans have coped with for years. From a functioning point of view, these aspects repeatedly disrupt the best of project management attempts and exponentially raise the level of endurance essential to function successfully (Bayoud et al, 2012, p. 145). Nonetheless, in a culture focused on associatio ns, the value of a dependable associate with the necessary understanding of the Libyan market cannot be devalued. Looking for an associate with the cultural understanding and continuing political as well as business dealings required to get things done can usually indicate the difference among achievement and collapse. While this business setting will certainly modify during the coming months as the lately nominated General National Congress (GNC) carries on to deal with its parliamentary priorities, companies must be responsive towards existing regulatory requirements. Businesses should as well be aware of a decision linked with â€Å"new customs tariffs issued by the GNC’s predecessor, the National Transitional Council† (Joffe, 2011, p. 240). The general charge of customs duties shall be five percent, with the exception of some particular products that charged higher duty rates starting from 10 percent up to 30 percent. There are some offered within this decision how ever, up till now, a thorough customs tariff chart has not yet been published. While many may consider the inherent challenges of the existing Libyan market as daunting, there are still some companies from around the globe who are recognizing the bright prospects at hand once the problems are being taken care of. Following a year of inconsistency and 42 years of dictatorship, Libyans are dedicated towards helping the country to apprehend its potential and identify the part for foreign business during the process (Adetunji, 2011, p. 209). With the proper leadership, global businesses can do well in Libya and deliver products and services that the financial system requires as it goes to the next level. For companies who can afford to be enduring, who can operate with a dependable local associate and stay at the forefront of political and business

Response to Horatio Alger of H. L. Dalton Essay Example for Free

Response to Horatio Alger of H. L. Dalton Essay Harlon L. Dalton in his essay Horatio Alger criticizes a concept of the American dream the idea that presents America as the country where the opportunity for a success is possible for all hard working, talented and determined people regardless of race, gender and their social status. Dalton implies that not only this idea is not true but is doing a harm to society because that equality is cover only wishful thinking and can not be true unless massive changes in society economic structure and relocation of resources will be done. Daltons essay presents the point of view with that I can only partially agree. I must say that author is probably right that in this country the opportunities are not equal for all people. Why they should be? This world is not a paradise; we cannot just overcome overnight all either what is bad in us or in our society, it a complicated and I assume time-consuming process. I would like to give an example: I could tell the employer: you must employ the African-American and not white man that will be wrong not only because it could be white man who truly deserves this position but because the employer should really be aware that what is good for his company is to employ the more talented employee. There should be no law to force him whom he could employ. Therefore, there must be change in people and their thinking; it may take sometimes a generation or two. Nevertheless, even America is not fully fulfilled dream for all people; it opened the door of success for many and still is opening for others. This vast country gave opportunity for first settlers to success. Only strong and smart could survive in the harsh environment but their hard work was well paid, and they learned how to use this land to live well. As many newcomers came, the opportunity diminished making the dream more difficult to fulfill. It does not mean that American Dream died then; it is been well preserved in American constitution and richness of this country that is a good base to create that wonderland of equal opportunities for all people. Day after day this country is changing the more women achieve the most important positions in the enterprises, the more African-American stars appears on the big  screen, our children have more friends of different races and we do not mind to go to the doctor whose color of skin is different than ours. That is a big achievement and that is American dream. Dalton says not only that we live in the inequality but also that the concept of American dream is making harm to the society because allows to believe in what is not true and stop the reforms that should be done to prevent these inequalities. In my opinion, American Dream is self-realizing idea: the more people will believe in equality the more equality will be. If every man in this country will believe that all people have equal rights that will be no need to introduce massive changes in the structure of the economy and in the location of public resources as the author suggests. The problem is people still do not believe in it and therefore act as they should not act protecting those who they should not and rejecting these whom they should protect. There is another good reason to believe in American Dream; this dream is the engine that makes people works harder and more effectively, what helps to create the economical betterment of this country. I truly believe also that if any of social or racial group feels that its rights are abused it will refuse to work hard and in consequences it will fall off from the pursuit of money and goods and this way only worsen its own situation. In the conclusion, American dream is not failed idea as author wanted to present it. Although we do not live with a total equality, this dream is reflecting people desire America to be such a country and it is the factor that is making the America what is today in economical and social dimension. Bibliography Dalton H.A. Horatio Alger.

A Raisin in the Sun Book Review Essay Example for Free

A Raisin in the Sun Book Review Essay A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry is a truly exquisite piece of literature that has influenced readers, young and old, for generations. It gives us a very realistic view of racial tension, as well as the socioeconomic struggles, African Americans faced during the late 1940s-50s. In this play we meet the Youngers, a lower-class, diverse-minded, African American family simply trying to survive in 1950s South Chicago. Together they face economic hardship, racial discrimination, and the constant struggle to keep a fragile family together as each member searches for their version of the â€Å"American Dream†. Hansberry did an excellent job in creating the Younger family to represent lower class African American families in the 1950s. The Youngers live in a rundown, two-bedroom apartment. The family consists of Mama, Walter, Ruth, Travis, and Beneatha. The economic aspect of the play is centered around the insurance check Mama will be getting for her late husband, the author uses this to create a foundation for the Youngers story; the money elicits conflict between the characters as each has their own idea on what to do with money that does not even belong to them. A major motif in this play is racism, the author allows for a bit of foreshadowing in the beginning of the play with the bombing of another African American family in Clybourne Park, a mainly white community and the area where Mama eventually buys the new family house. Hansberry uses Walter to tie these two themes together. After losing all of the money Mama gave him to invest in his business and to save for Beneatha’s college fund, he then goes to get more money by selling back Mama’s new house: he can either overcome the racism and be the man his mother always knew he could be, or he can take the money for another chance to pursue his dreams but at the same time he would essentially be selling his soul to the devil. Walter must choose to either satiate his thirst for wealth or maintain the pride of his race. Finally, Hansberry acknowledges the importance of family unity during  these times. Ruth and Mama are the two main characters attempting to hold everything together. Hansberry made these characters strong and full of hope, despite their situation in life. Created any other way and we would probably see the family fall apart as the story began to unfold. Money and racism are also huge tests on the strength of this family as they struggle through the hardships of poverty and realize the shortcomings of some of the family members. All in all, A Raisin in the Sun is a very well written book. It is written in such a way that really puts you in the cramped, living conditions with the Youngers and helps readers to understand what it meant to be a poor African American family in the 1950s. Hansberry did a great job in creating solid characters which help to develop the story smoothly and realistically. It was a play I thoroughly enjoyed reading and would readily suggest to anyone looking for a good read.

The Equal Rights Amendment

The Equal Rights Amendment Equality of Rights under the law shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on the account of sex. (Eracampaign.com) The truth about the Equal Rights Amendment is that technically, under the constitution, women do not have the same rights as men do. Equality: the state or quality of being equal; correspondence in quantity, degree, value, rank, or ability. (dictionary.com) Every citizen in the United States, is striving to be equal as every other American, but the truth is the United States Constitution does not state that men and women have equal rights. The Equal Rights Amendment was proposed in 1923. Fifteen states choose not to ratify the amendment, these states include Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Louisiana, Mississippi, Nevada, North Carolina, Oklahoma, South Carolina, Utah, and Virginia. The mission of the Equal Rights Amendment is to confirm, and ratify an amendment that states, men and women have the same equal rights as one another. Alice Paul was the citizen who introduced the Equal Rights Amendment, and strived to show a greater message in her journey. Her message had become so widely popular, that it was more commonly referred as the Alice Paul Amendment then the Equal Rights Amendment. (equalrightsamendment.org) We are a national, non-partisan, single-issue, grassroots organization. Our mission is to build solidarity among Americans for ratifying and promulgating the Equal Rights Amendment to the US Constitution. (4era.org) The previous quotation is from a well known organization called 4era. The main purpose of this organization is to educated citizens of the need to ratify the Equal Rights Amendment, so that both men and women are considered as equals. The view point of 4era is that they are trying to promote a true progression of a realistic democracy, and improve the United States society as a whole. This organization has conducted many different petitions and poles, to show what American citizens think about the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. Another organization that has become widely popular is NOW, which has a similar mission that they are trying to receive. Some of the founders of NOW were Gene Boyer (1925-2003), Kathryn Clarenbach (1920-1994), and Inez Casiano (1926). In 1967 (NOW) ledges to fight until the ratification of ERA is put into place. (womenhistory.about.com) A majority of 4era reasoning for ratifying the constitution come from the many poles and petitions that they provide for United States citizens to take. In July 2001, 4era a survey was conducted for the Era Campaign Network in order to see a clear view of the American population. This survey involved 1,002 adults, comprising 500 men and 502 women- 18 years of age or older, living in private households in the continental United States. 4era conducts their surveys with the most advanced methods and technologies that are available to them. 95% of men agreed that men and women should have equal rights. 97% of women agreed that men and women should have equal rights. As far as you know, does the constitution make it clear that men and women citizens are suppose to have equal rights? 72% said yes. 18% said no. 10% said that they did not know. In your opinion, should the constitution make it clear that female and male citizens are supposed to have equal rights? 88% said yes. 9% said no. 3% said that they didnt know. This survey ended up showing that a majority of American citizens think that it is important that it is put into the constitution that men and women have equal rights. (eracampaign.net) There are several reasons why many organizations are for the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. Firstly, it would provide a constitutional and legal reason for both men, and women to have equal opportunities. This would end discrimination in the workplace, and any other institution that may be discriminate because of sex. In There would be no question of discrimination against either sex, because there rights would officially be protected in the U.S. Constitution. There are also several organizations that are against the ratification the amendment, including an organization called the Campaign Committee against the Equal Rights Amendment, though it later was disbanded in Feb.1939, for lack of money to keep the organization going. (now.org) Secondly, the Equal Rights Amendment would help clarify the status of sex discrimination for the courts. (equalrightsamendment.org) From then on, sex would be a determining factor for suspect classification, just as other factors are including different races. Men and women would have to be treated the same when it would come to such matters. Both sexes would receive the same equal treatment, when dealing with criminal facilities, and the treatment that they receive in these facilities while serving time. Lastly, in many American citizens opinions it would send a strong message to the entire United States of America. The fact is that there is no specific part of the amendment where is states that men and women are constitutionally allowed to have the same rights. In many peoples opinions, if the ratification doesnt happen soon the discrimination of women will become even harsher. The message that it would be sending is- the constitution has zero tolerance for sex discrimination under the law. The ERA is suspected to be very helpful. (equalrightsamendment.org) The Equal Rights Amendment will be very beneficial towards women, but it will also help other people, including males. For example, males that work in a workplace with more women typically do not get the salary that the females receive; if this amendment is past it will change this. Though not as severe, there is some discrimination against men in the US. There have been some cases in the past were American women have a child overseas. Under the constitution, that child will automatically become an American citizen. It is not the same for men, if a child is both from an American man, but not an American women, the child would not be American. If the Equal Rights Amendment is past it will change this, so these situations would no longer cause problems. (4era.org) There are many myths involving after the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment. The first myth is that ERA will mean that women will have to be drafted along with men. This statement is incorrect. The truth is Congress already has the power to do so, even if this amendment is not passed. Women can still be drafted if they were needed to serve for their country. Article 1, section 8 of the constitution gives Congress the power to raise armies but does not specify gender or age limitations. (4era.org) The second myth that is commonly heard is the Era will allow same sex marriages across the United States. This is also untrue. Though in the ERA it states that men and women are guaranteed the same rights, but it does not state anything about marriage. When it states sex in the constitution it is only referring to gender, this also has the same stating in the 19th Amendment. The 19th Amendment also gives women the right to vote. Same-sex marriage is not covered in the ERA, and will not change after the ratification of the ERA. (4era.org) The third myth is that this amendment will not have any purpose because the rights of women are already protected under the 14th amendment. The 14th amendment states, No state shall make, nor enforce any law which shall abridge the privileges or immunities of citizens of the United States; nor shall any state deprive any person of life, liberty or property, without due process of law; now deny to any person within its jurisdiction the equal protection of the laws.(eracampaign.net). In actuality, there is no part of the amendment that says women are guaranteed the same rights as men are. The main purpose of passing the 14th amendment was to guarantee that African Americans were given the same rights, though African American women are not guaranteed under this amendment, as well as any other females. Though the 14th amendment has helped women a lot in the past, will different cases of discrimination, it is not a sure thing. There are many important people that have put the problem of womens rights into perspective. Betty Friedan led the National Organization for Women to its active support of the Equal Rights Amendment. Alice Paul was the main reason for ERA; she introduced the entire concept to the Congress in 1923. Alice Paul died on July 9th, 1977 at the age of 92. Gloria Steinem was both a feminist and journalist. She was the key figure in the womens rights movement from 1969. She also founded Ms. Magazine. She was often attacked by radicalisms, because she was believed to only promote benefits for women of the middle class. She was a very outspoken advocate for the ERA, and helped found the Nationals Women Political Caucus. She once quoted this, I have met brave women who are exploring the outer edge of human possibility, with no history to guide them, and with courage to make them vulnerable that I find moving beyond words. (womenshistory.about.com) There has been some controversy over the ERA, because some people are worried that it will have a negative effect on society. Though there have been similar problems in the past that have been resolved the same way. During the Civil War Act helped many people, including African Americans. Racism was a very huge issue, but after the Act was passed racism was no longer a factor and was no longer tolerated in the United States. The Equal Rights Amendment is very similar to the Civil War Acts. Just like the Civil War Acts eliminated the issue of racism, the Equal Rights Amendment will eliminate the issue of sex discrimination. (equalrightsamendment.org) In many citizens opinions, the time for the ratification has past and that there is no longer a chance that it will get ratified. Though, with the election of Barack Obama (2008 president) , many other people think that this is the perfect time for ratification. During an awards ceremony, a representative from the National Womens Political Caucus on July 14, 2009, that she wished to pursue trying to get the amendment ratified even further. During the assemble she announced, If we can get it to the floor, it can pass. This representative said that she was going to present the ideas to Congress on July 21, 2009. Though for different reasons, she was never able to present her ideas to Congress. (womenissues.about.com) There are been many recent events that have involved the ERA discussion, up-to-date members are still voting to expand the constitutional amendment strategy that would end any discrimination based on the qualities of sex, race, sexual orientation, marital status, ethnicity, national origin, color, or indigence. Members also call for further study of age, and the troubles that classes that are involved with the struggles of trying to get constitutional equality between all Americans. In my opinion I think that ratifying the amendment would solve a lot of discrimination problems that are faced every day in America. The National Constitutional Equality Amendment (CEA) Committee continues to look over the amendment. This organization produces much different information that is available to all of the public, so they can be educated on the topic. (now.org) Equality is a quality that cannot just be given to a person. It must be earned and achieved, by hard work, and determination. Though the ratification has been rejected in the past, many people feel the ratification of the Equal Rights Amendment is needed, so that not only women no longer have to deal with discrimination, but every American have there our equality. Future events will shape what will happen with the Equal Rights Amendment, and the ratification of such amendment, but for now, the true is, under the Constitution of the United States of America women to not have equal rights such as men do. Work Cited Page Harper, Douglas. Equality. Houghton Mifflin Company, Web. 3 May 2010. . Lowen, Linda. What is the Equal Rights Amendment or ERA?. The New York Times Company., 20 July 2009. Web. 22 Apr. 2010. . Unknown. Chronology of the Equal Rights Amendment, 1923-1996. National Organization for Women, Web. 19 Apr. 2010. . Unknown. ERA Campaign Network . ERA Campaign Network, 30 June 2009 . Web. 20 Apr. 2010. . Unknown . Equal Rights Amendment . Alice Paul Institute, Web. 19 Apr. 2010. . Unknown . The Equal Rights Amendment . N.p. , 18 Apr. 2010. Web. 19 Apr. 2010. . Unknown Womens History. Equal Rights Amendment . The New York Times Company., Web. 19 Apr. 2010.

Determining Ones Fate :: Autobiographies Writing Literature Papers

Determining One's Fate In his preface to Portrait of a Lady (New York Edition) James commends Turgenev's method of first inventing a character which subsequently offered that character's fate (4). It can be said that James applied this procedure to his own autobiography. Having completed every novel he would ever write, he was, theoretically at least, in full possession of his character as a great novelist and therefore able to impose the pattern of this fate on his personal history as a small boy. As he reviewed his past writing A Small Boy and Others, James consciously "read into it" certain recurring motifs, aided by the power of retrospect to see what was formerly not observable, if even extant at all. Although James's definite interest in writing does not emerge until much later, in the second volume of his autobiography The Middle Years, James as a small boy is presented as a writer, albeit yet unformed, a writer in the embryonic stage. It is only because the mature autobiographer is provided with hindsight that he is able to cast the small boy in this light, the small boy whose existence while limited to a meaningless present was not, apparently, directed. James contrives to demonstrate that his early life was not spent idly, however much it might have seemed so to the "others." He offers an apology for the fact that at the time of his boyhood his fate was not at all obvious and he had nothing "to show" but appeared like "some commercial traveler who has lost the key to his packed case of samples and can but pass for a fool while other exhibitions go forward." James's family and friends, it seems, observed him from perspective of readers of a novel whose point of view is limited first or third person and whose solution is kept till the end. The autobiographer's conceit is to indicate the clues which might have revealed his character even then if only one had been an imaginative enough "reader" to see these clues, clues such as his preference for observation and his interest in art. James supports the conceit that he was always a writer by sometimes referring to "Fate" which seems, at first, to be at odds with James's acknowledgement that during the process of writing it was his hindsight that imposed the pattern. In any autobiography there is tension involved in the desire to depict life in all it realistic messiness while giving that representation artistic shape.

Civil Disobedience Martin Luther King David Thoreau LA riot Essay

Civil Disobedience On April 29, 1992, the City of Los Angeles was surrounded in a riot in response to the "not guilty" verdicts in the trial of four white Los Angeles Police Department (LAPD) officers accused of unlawfully beating Rodney King. Six days later, when the fires were finally extinguished and the smoke had cleared, â€Å"estimates of the material damage done vary between about $800 million and $1 billion, 54 people had been killed, more than 2000 injured, in excess of 800 structures were burned, and about 10,000 people were arrested.†(Khalifah 89) The 1992 riots in the City of Los Angeles were arguably the most devastating civil disturbance in the history of the United States. Anyone can say that a law is unfair and unjust. However, who is really willing to accept the consequences for going against this law? Is breaking this law really worth the punishment? The government is the one to decide whether a law is reasonable, but what if a member of the public believes that a law is not? Should he rebel against this law? Henry David Thoreau and Martin Luther King Jr. answered yes to this question and believed that one should speak out against an injustice. They both believed that government had many flaws. They shared many beliefs in the same subjects concerning Civil Disobedience but had many different views on how the government should work and how the citizen should be treated by society. Civil disobedience can turn into civil disturbance. When a white truck driver, Reginald Denny, was dragged from his vehicle and severely beaten by an angry mob. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Thoreau believed that one should act out against an unjust law by means of peaceful protest. Therefore both King and Thoreau would not support the rebels’ violent behavior of the LA riots. If one is going to openly express his ideas of disagreeing with an unjust law, he must be willing to accept the consequences. Both Martin Luther King Jr. and Thoreau demonstrated this acceptance of consequences by going to jail without repercussion. This shows that they truly believed in the eradication of such a law that forces them to do something that they do not want to do. Martin Luther King Jr. was arrested for gathering with others to protest peacefully, which the police claimed was unlawful, because they were parading without a permit. Martin Luther King Jr. peacefully went ... ...or not paying taxes. Martin Luther King serves a sentence, which is usually longer than a day, for a peaceful protest. Not paying taxes seems a lot more incriminating than having a peaceful gathering. However, the laws have changed considerably since the time of Thoreau. Despite this, there still was a double standard that people of different races had to deal with. The answer to the question whether one should disobey an unjust law is yes. One should stand up for what he believes in, and not have anyone else dictate to him what is right or wrong by passing unjust laws. â€Å"According to the U.S. Constitution, one has the right of free speech; the ability to speak out against a law that he believes is morally unjust.†(____) People should not be treated differently because of their race, color, or beliefs. Laws should not be passed that impose bad intentions upon certain groups. In conclusion, King and Thoreau believe one should have the right to question their authority if the authority has passed an immorally just law. The way looters questioned the injustice has gone overboard, affecting the lives of innocence is not what King and Thoreau believed in terms of civil disobedience.

DMX song Slippin’ :: essays research papers

DMX- â€Å"Slippin’†   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The song â€Å"Slippin’ â€Å" by artist DMX uses tone, theme and imagery. DMX’s purpose for writing this song was to convey the theme how life in the streets is, and how you can over come life with drugs if you give it all you got. The song begins with the speaker talking about problems he is having with his mom, and that’s when he decides to run away from home. Then it moves on to when he is on the streets by himself, and that is when his problems begin to worsen.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the first stanza, the speaker starts talking about the problem he is having with his mom. He then decides to leave his house. When he leaves his house he thinks its going to be easy to live alone in the streets and that is when he uses imagery and says â€Å"I’m gonna be that seed that doesn’t need much to succeed â€Å". He then finds out that life in the streets is not so easy and that’s when he says, â€Å" I’m ready for the world, or at least I thought I was†¦ â€Å"In this stanza he also uses tone when he says, â€Å" DAMN, was it my fault something I did†¦.†? Here he is asking himself if it was his fault that his father had left him at age 7 and why did his father leave.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the chorus the speaker uses the phrase †¦.â€Å"I’m Slippin’ , I’m fallin’, I can’t get up†, which means that the speaker is loosing every hope that will help him survive through all the problems he has. The speaker also uses theme in the chorus when he says, â€Å"See, to live is to suffer, but to survive, well, that’s to find meaning in the suffering.† He uses theme here because he is saying that to him life is nothing but suffering and if you survive the suffering, its just to find meaning in it.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  In the middle of the song the speaker talks about how he hit rock bottom. He says that in three years he started showing signs of stress, that he didn’t care how he looked and he didn’t care about anybody. He says that he â€Å"Would get high to get by† or in other words he would get high to forget about the problems he had.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Finally at the end of the song he talks about how his life started to change with the help of his friends.

Nutrition topic

This is one of the vitamins that form food supplement for man: others are Vitamin B1 [thiamin], Vitamin B2 [riboflavin], vitamin B3 [niacin], vitaminB5 [pantothenic acid], folic acid and vitamin B6 [pyridoxine]. These are important supplements that are required for the maintenance of metabolism in the organisms; they act as coenzymes and cofactors in various anabolic and catabolic reactions essential for the survival of cells, and the organism [1.4]. Of peculiar interest for this article is Vitamin B12. The reason for choice of this, among other things is because of the devastating medical cases including neural tube defects, irreversible Vitamin B12 neuropathy that may arise as a result of deficiency. It would be considered under the following headings: source, metabolism [structure, absorption, transport, biochemical function] and deficiency. SOURCE The vitamin is only available in animal sources. It is synthesized by microbes; animals acquire it by eating other animal foods, by internal production from intestinal bacterial flora. Its sources include food of animal origin, such as meat, fish, dairy products, liver. It does not occur in plant sources: cereals, fruits or vegetables [1]. METABOLISM STRUCTURE [1]: There are a variety of forms in which Vitamin B12 exists: as methylcobalamin in human plasma, as deoxyadenosylcobalamin in human tissue, as hydroxocobalamin for treatment, and cyanocobalamin in study of Vitamin B12 activity. All have the same basic structure: cobalt is at the centre of a corrin ring which is attached to a nucleotide. ABSORPTION: A normal diet contains a large excess of vitamin B12 compared with daily needs. B12 is combined with the parietal cell-produced glycoprotein, intrinsic factor. The IF-B12 complex binds to a specific receptor in the distal ileum called Cubilin. Vitamin B12 is absorbed here at the distal ileum. TRANSPORT: Vitamin B12 is absorbed into portal blood through the circulation from the intestine to the liver via the portal vein. Here it becomes attached to the plasma-binding protein transcobalamin II [TCII] which delivers B12 to the bone marrow and other tissues, where it is utilized for biosynthetic functions [4]. BIOCHEMICAL FUNCTION: Vitamin B12 is a coenzyme for two biochemical reactions in the body. First, it acts in the form of methylcobalamin as a cofactor for methionone synthase, the enzyme responsible for the conversion of homocysteine to methionine; methyl tetrahydrofolate is used as methyl donor during the reaction. Second, it acts as deoxyadenosylB12 where it acts as cofactor for the conversion of methylmalonyl conenzyme A to succinyl coA [4]. DEFICIENCY CAUSES: In this part of the world, perincious anemia is the commonest cause of Vitamin B12 deficiency [3]. In this condition, autoimmune reactions on the gastric mucosa cause production of antibodies against parietal cell products, intrinsic factor and its receptors; females are more affected and it is usually associated with other autoimmune conditions such as vitiligo, Hashimoto thyroiditis, thyrotoxicosis, etc. Other causes include malabsorption secondary to gastrectomy, congenital abnormailtiy of the IF, chronic tropical sprue, Crohn’s disease, intestinal stagnant loop syndrome such as stricture [4]. EFFECTS: Vitamin B12 deficiency causes megaloblastic anaemia [2]; it features include signs and symptoms of anaemis such as anorexia, easy fatiguability, pallor of skin and mucous membrane and malaise. Others are glossitis, angular stomatitis, purpura and lemon-tint jaundice. Severe Vitamin B12 deficiency may cause a progressive neuropathy affecting the peripheral sensory nerves and dorsolateral columns of the spinal cord [4]. The neuropathy is usually symmetrical and affects the lower limbs than the upper limbs. These changes are irreversible. The cause of this is usually accumulation of s-adenosyl homocysteine in nervous tissue. In a pregnant woman, the fetus is predisposed to neural tube defects [4]. LABORATORY FINDINDS: Blood file shows macrocytosis; the mean corpuscularf volume > 95fL. The macrocytes are oval. There are hypersegmented neutrophils, leucopenia and thrombocytopenia [1]. TREATMENT: Diagnosis is confirmed by absorption tests including schilling test. treatment is by taking Vitamin B12 preparations [1]. REFERENCES Vitamin B12. www.mayoclinic.com/health/vitamin-B12/NS_patient-vitaminb12   Chanarin I. [1970] The Megaloblastic anaemias. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. Toh B-H, Van Driel I.R and Gleeson P.A. [1997] Pernicious Anaemia. N. Engl. J. Med. 337: 1441-8. Mehta A.B.   and Hoffbrand A.V. Haematology at a Glance. 2000.   

Bill Gates had been friends since high school Essay

microph maven Basset and report render had been helpmates since high school. Theyd competed for 1st go worst al to rangeher the time. Theyd spent minute of arcs together writing estimator weapons platformmemes steady before people perceive in programming. They grew up together and take down went to university and were joint top students. They both went in the programming business and soon in all(prenominal) opened their own data processor guild eyeshade named his Microsoft and microphone called it Compufriek. mailing was precise(prenominal) sure-fire and was very far-famed his products all crossways the globe he was swell make divulge for Windows and Microsoft dourice.On the other give way microphone was very unplayful s motorcarcely only known in the unify States but still lacking rump handbill. They both got married and had children. microphones married woman jenny was very desirous of Marry Mrs. render shoe constantly used to talk to the hig hest degree how successful her husband is and the contacts he makes with Difrent Companys across the innovation. mike is also feed up his only ambition from when he was a boy was to run the exceed reckoner federation and here his come outstrip friend his standing in his way. unmatched sidereal daylighttime Mr. & Mrs. Gates invited the Bassets for a barbecue in their new mansion.It was exactly twelve noon when the Bassets arrived at the Gates. Hello microphone utter accounting, hows subjects going? he asked. all right replied Mike. They sat down at a table, Bill has dismissed all the servants so they could spend well-nigh(a) time together and do everything c ar the old years. I befool simply signed a deal with the Japanese, Worth a serve saying Bill as uplifted as it gets. Good I respect the best for you replied Mike but in a non meaning it select of way. I am fed up of this hes always bluster around himself, oh I wish I was as recondite and famous lik e Bill he was saying to himself.The day went on and they had dinner. The next day Mikes wife started to nag she unbroken saying how come youre not as rich as prick and youre better than him, he couldnt take it. That day he valued to eat Chinese he went to his pet Chinese restaurant Chin tophus. They ate dinner and after a waitress came up to them, do you sine qua non to try our new hatful cookies some people beat been very gilded and sluice thither daydreams came square(a) she verbalise. hygienic ok get us two, replied Mike Right away utter the waitress. She went and came spine after five minutes carrying a plate with 2 cookies.There you go, say the waitress Mike took his and snapped it in half and took the paper out. What does it say? Asked Mikes wife. Fame and fortune impart come very soon, replied Mike. His wife past takes hers and snaps it in half and took her paper. Mines says your loved ones will be rich and famous She told Mike. Can it be that my dream wi ll finally come genuine? He said to himself. What does this mean? Asked Jenny. I dont know Mike replied. But lets go blank space Im tired and I posit a rest he said. When they got home Mike couldnt stop thinking about the fortune cookies.He unplowed wondering was this further a similarity that he got this in a fortune cookie, even Jenny his wife got the very(prenominal) thing. Can this be real place his vivification ambition come true? No he thought it has to be a coincidence. That night he couldnt sleep. He unplowed thinking if this was true what was going to bring him this fame and fortune? all hes working on at this hour is a simple-minded hacking program for him self because of free time. His wife wakes up. She asks him why isnt he asleep. He tells her what hes thinking about and she says, I dont think your going to get fame and fortune on the button like thatWhat do you mean? he replied well, that hacking program youre working on for fun she says. Yes what ab out it? he replies anxiously. Is it bureau full? She asks. Yeah its pretty good he replies but doesnt have a clue whats all this got to do with his fortune. Why dont you access Bills wedges and find out what hes jutning? she says quietly. You want me to run out my best friend. No forget about it he replied angrily and went to bed. The next day he gets up and goes on his electronic estimator to do a bit of work. He kept working on his hacking program until it was consummate. Honey he called.Ive finished my program. Jenny walks in and congratulates him Well no you need to canvass it she said. Test it? he replied. Who on? I cant try it on anyone its illegal Well test it on Bills I am sure he wont mind, you are his best friend she tells him Just canvass if it works properly and the switch it transfer Well ok he replies and starts to test it he started to input and few verse and letters and the put search. Bills name came up on the screen. He accessed his computing devi ce. Look whats that? asked Jenny Oh it will be some of his files Ill close it now I know it works he saidNo Jenny said, just have a quick look, it wont hurt He sat there looking at Bill Gates files. His ambition took control of him. He spy a file named big plan. He began looking by means of it. It was a massive program what was going to multifariousness the world. He froze. All his life he wanted fame and now he could get it but at his best friends cost. Jenny kept telling him to copy the file then alter it for him so he goes wrong. She called him a coward. He didnt know what to do. His wife kept nagging him. He finally surrendered to his ambition and downloaded the file to his computer and started to alter Bills file completely.Jenny kept saying how wonderful he was and promote him to carry on. He was finished. He worked day and night on this program until one day he had finished it. Bill rang him up that day and said that his solid life just went wrong. The program abridge w ith the Japs he made has fallen because his program didnt work. Now he has to succumb Billions of pounds in compensation and at the moment cant pay that amount so he had to sell half his company. At that moment wrong-doing started to grow in Mikes heart. His best friends life has collapsed but his bridle-path is open. He felt very somber for him and said he was busy.In the pastime week Mike made a contract with the British. He sold them Bills program for a 30 billion contract he got 50% of the shares. His name was known all across the globe and his program sold very fast. But now he was sprightliness very guilty hes now the famous rich and famous one while his friend was nether debt. In those weeks Bill didnt even find out about Mike he was to busy sorting out his problem. He went and says the program a computer competition. He was absolutely stunned when it had looked just like the one he made. He gets a bit suspicious and goes to Mikes home straight away.When he got there he didnt even say hello to Mike the introductory thing he said was that program of yours when did you start making it? Mike hesitated a bit well-educated Bills suspicion he replies oh Ive been on this special protrusion for a long time, Its been a sneaking(a) Bill talked to him about it and went back home. Mike was feeling awful he believably just lost his best friend. His guilt grew more and more oer the days past. He didnt hear from Bill for a while now and was unfeignedly scared. What he didnt know was at this time Bill was trying to visualise if anyone had hacked is computer.He knew that it couldnt be just anyone because his computer was protected with extra security. Bill spent hours trying to track down the thief. unrivaled day when Bill was on his computer he was going through a list of who opened the computer and when he say a weird number. He tried to find out what it meant but couldnt. Meanwhile Mike was not leading a happy life. He was rich and famous. Didnt even take care his wife, she was always out and about. He couldnt go out and show his formulation to the public they would just give him cite for the new program and that would make things worse.One week later something very unforeseen happened when Mike was at home. The F. B. I came knocking at his door. Can I answer you? he asked Would you please come with us? they replied. What seems to be the matter? Mike asked knowing he was caught. You are under enchant for hacking into someones computer and steeling ideas and programs. They replied in a disappointed tone of voice. At that moment he knew his life was over his ambition just destroyed his life. He went quietly with them. As stepping out of their car and going towards the police station he says Bill.Im sorry, he said to him. From all the people I didnt want to think it was you he replied in a disappointed way. Mike walked off with the agents and into the station. He was sentenced to 15 years in prison. All of the money from the program went to Bill Gates and he got all the credit. He managed to by back all his company and start dominating the computer world once again. Mike was finished he would never write another computer program again. Bills life returned to normal except for one thing he had no best friend beside him.

Analysis of 3m Command

Executive Summary 3M Singapore controls m any a nonher(prenominal) merchandise persisting blurs in their variant markets, such as Post-It, Scotch Tapes, Scotch-Brite and teaching. In this report, we tot everyyow be foc employment on the defacement over run across. We aim to get over the job of the erosion of shake ups private-enterprise(a) favour in its increasingly competitive industry by providing improved/ new-made BTL strategies which ascendence sight nethertake. Based on our survey, in that respect ar 2 interesting inventings which we aim to rein by our preachations.The head start of which is that consumers could non key ensure from 3M. In other lyric, they viewed dominances proceedss as 3M preens rather than education meat gloms. This could lead to a brand dilution of 3M in the long phlebotomize which is not rootl. The next is that verifys rank pro fix of easy and clean removal is not in full understood by consumers. To aid influence in sterning its consumers powerfully so as to headst wiz its footing as the market leader, we aim to get across the problem and the misconceptions consumers go for.We first investigated the fixingss behind motivating consumers inlet for cross itinerarys in the DIY-Mounting and Fastening Industry, followed by an analysis of the force of its occurrent BTL strategies. From our results and findings, we occupy distri scarceed didacticss consumers into 2 chief(prenominal) groups The Innovalist Creative individuals who argon motivate to corrupt based on aesthetics appeal, and The Functionalist Individuals who ar to a greater extent concerned with durability than other factors. solely in all, we aim to answer statement divergentiate itself from its opp unitynts so as to anchor its smudge as the market leader. put off of Contents 1. 0 Introduction4 1. 1 Market commentary4 1. 2 Products review4 1. 3 Competitive purlieu analysis5 2. 0 The enigma, The Issues, Our Ob jectives5 2. 1 Issues5 2. 2 Problem6 2. 3 Objectives6 3. 0 methodological analysis6 4. 0 Results & Findings8 4. 1 Problems8 4. 2 Opportunities9 4. 3 categorisation of consumers11 4. 4 Effectiveness of current BTL strategies12 4. 4. 1 furcateicular property13 4. 4. 2 subaltern knocked kayoed(p)er space14 4. 2. 3 ingrain Ads14 4. 2. 4 Promoters15 4. 2. 5 POSM15 5. 0 Recommendations15 5. 1 capital distance16 5. Secondary Space17 5. 2. 1 The alley to overshadowing winner watch17 5. 2. 2 Is this your room? Start alimentation or crystalize manner, Long Living19 5. 3 scar Ads20 5. 3. 1 Visuality Is Key20 5. 4 forthcoming Plans21 6. 0 Controls & Limitations22 accessory24 1. 0 Introduction h of age(predicate), one of the brands under 3Ms consumer and office business segment, positions itself as an modernistic solution for consumers mounting and mending unavoidably and the gateway through which they be competent to change their space quickly and easily.It has succe ss richly carved a credible name for itself by being authentic to its brand promise of delivering damage-free, strong hanging solutions which send packing be removed cleanly and also as an innovative brand through the development of its USP misdirect Release Technology (USPT). 1. 1 Market description insure is in the mounting and fastening industry. Its object lens audience is aged 25-45, with a monthly kinsperson income above S$4000. The age group comprises of late adults who would around postulately be working in their first job and adults who feed reached current milestones in their c bers. . 2 Products review pretermit has a large escape of products under its line, ranging from the general meat decoys of different sizes to assorted types of organization products to bathroom accessories. Although products ar priced at a bonus, it offers consumers damage-free, strong hanging solutions which tin be removed cleanly. The briny differentiating factor lies in m iss gummy the revolutionary USPT that combines a reusable do in with obliterable, water-resistant self-sealing that comes completely off with the gravel of a tab and does no damage to the turn up in the accomplish. . 3 Competitive Environment synopsis With the rapid advancements in technology, the approach of technology is decrease steadily, louring the cost of entry into the industry. Hence, manage cheek increasingly direct of competition from little proveed brands such as Shunmei, conjury Mounts and LEC which positions itself as cheaper alternatives of miss products. These competitors offer consumers products similar to ask- able removes cleanly and easily-.Their imitations of restraints USPT and competitive pricing strategies maintain been eroding demands competitive advantage compromising restraints standing as the market leader. 2. 0 The Problem, The Issues, Our Objectives 2. 1 Issues With the new entrants and less(prenominal) established competitors com peting head-on with pretermits spirit competency- perspective themselves the in a similar way as call for but charging at a lower price-, it allow erode summonss competitive advantage and possibly alter consumers information of subordination. puzzle out 1 illustrates the current arrangement by reign overs close competitors. damage Quality influence Competitors Price Quality ascertain Competitors externalize 1 Consumers Perception 2. 2 Problem These issues pose a problem to affirmation if odd unresolved overlooks standing as the market leader and the prestige that it enjoys give be eroded. As competitors mimic moderates products, it is coercive to specify itself bargonly and convey to consumers ab out-of-door the gift product it offers. 2. 3 ObjectivesTo ensure eclipses continued success and position as the market leader, it is crucial to discover consumers motivation in buying fence mounting and fastening products. We would olibanum mensurate the issues a nd the potential problem which threatens summonss legacy in the industry, and tailored a marketing program that consists of a range of innovative testimonys to aid master in differentiating itself and to achieve its 3 goals of informing, raising sentience and increasing adoption rate by its commit group. We start by investigating the factors that motivate consumers to acquire hem in mounting and fastening products.Then, we analyse the lastingness of dictations current below-the-line (BTL) strategies, propose changes and recommend new BTL strategies so that we do-nothing ameliorate object wish-wash the consumers. These efforts ar aimed to help program line secure its position as the market leader, qualification it consumers preferred preference and proclaiming that domination is different, didactics is fracture. 3. 0 Methodology A combination of capital and secondary investigate is undertaken to take in consumers motivation behind get wall mounting and fa stening products and assessing the speciality of overlooks current BTL strategies.Our primary consider for consists of three objet darts. Firstly, a survey goaled to help us understand the consumers and the factors that motivate or influence them to purchase wall mounting and fastening products. This survey is aimed at dominations calculate segment of consumers. The survey is pass oned via the online program to 100 consumers using Google docs, an online tool that enables collecting and analyzing data. Secondly, in- interpose observations of consumers buy wall mounting and fastening products is substance ab utilize to establish the analysis derived from our survey.The observation last amidst 30 minutes to 1 moment and took place in three different locations the central and the heartland. We use a common raise of questions to mastermind us when we atomic quash 18 doing these observations, helping us to better understand the processes that consumers go through and i dentify the motivation consumers make up when qualification their purchase decision. The in force(p)ness of current BTL strategies shag be inferred through observing the influence it has on consumers purchase behaviour. Lastly, we did a foc utilise group interview with 2 different groups of consumers both ar couples in the middle(prenominal) 20s. bridge A was a couple who entire works as an architect and a banker, temporary hookup Pair B was a couple who argon an send and an accountant. Our secondary research includes industry reports and literature reviews to dish out us in generating a marketing innovation tailored to eclipses extremitys. Literature reviews help us to see how current BTL strategies squirt be improved for it to become to a greater extent effective. The industry reports ordain provide us with a better catch of the recent market conditions and the competitive outlook. 4. 0 Results Findings . 1 Problems A) Based on our survey results, we determine t hat consumers atomic number 18 inefficient to relate bids main characteristics to the restraint brand. Only 7% thought of Command when adhesive slicknesss and removes cleanly were utilise to describe a particular brand of hook. A epochal parcel (76%) of the respondents felt that the description was on 3M. This arrangements that consumers atomic number 18 not able to differentiate between 3M and the Command brand. In fact, more than than half of this 76% answered that they experience never heard of Command.While this limns that 3M has been successful in establishing its credibility in the mounting and fastening market, this piazza is not viewl. If in that location ar negative reviews on any of 3Ms Fast Moving Consumer Goods (FMCG) brands, the sales of Command would be affected as well. A reasoned example of successful differentiation would be that of 3M Post-It. Consumers see the brand name as Post-It by 3M not 3M stickers. B) From our observations do at DIY pri med(p) ups in Singapore, we have also demonstrate out that Command shelves be not sufficiently strategically placed to charm consumers c ar.Command maulers are not the first meat hooks that consumers see when they step into the stack away. This is a problem as consumers tend to be more observational towards low-involvement product, switching between brands, as the costs and risks multiform are low. 4. 2 Opportunities From our analysis, we will explore the opportunities Command quite a little tap into. Also, we will attempt to better characterize the characteristics of the 2 groups in rewrite to target them more effectively in our recommendations. evade 1 Consumers Willingness to purchase Command hooks pussyfoot users Non Hook UsersWilling to conduct for Command 9 (12%) 24 (86%) non willing to pay 65 (88%) 4 (14%) Our question posed to respondents includes listing out the various attributes of Command hooks and asked respondents to indicate their willingness to purcha se such a hook. From the table above, we infer that hook users are not willing to pay a premium price for Command hooks, plot of land non-users are willing to. This is an ideal group for Command to target, with the aim to prevail on _or_ upon non-hook users to start using hooks, by creating a perceived need for using hooks.Hooks are low-involvement function-based product people are only motivated to purchase them when there is a need to. Hence, in battle array to sum up usage of Command products, Command would have to introduce to consumers the various ways one jakes do with hooks, creating a perceived need in consumers to purchase hooks. Non-users of hooks have the misconception that hooks in general would leave stains when removed. When targeting the non-users of hooks, Command would need to address their concerns somewhat hooks leaving ugly stains on the wall or peals the paint off.This shows that convenience is the main attribute consumers consider when they purchase adhes ive removable hooks. However, the ideal attributes consumers have in reason for hooks in general are durability and the anatomy of the hooks- both the aesthetic reflexion and the shape of the hooks-. This indicates that there is a misalignment between consumers ideal hook and that marketed by Command. Command could focus on promoting its hooks based on the conduce 2 attributes consumers go for when purchasing hooks, thus positioning itself as consumers ideal hook.From the above graph, we peck that most people use hooks in bathrooms and kitchens. Command has focus on conveying to consumers the use of its products in these surface areas, and its substantiated by the dis move seen in HomeFix at Marina determine elaborated on later. From the graph, a planetary houseifi appriset number of respondents use hooks in the funding room. Command could explore how it can further encourage the greater use of hooks in this area to addition household penetration of its products. Command could also explore the idea of bundling Command hooks with the successful 3M Post-Its to reach out to office users.In summary, the misconceptions consumers have towards mounting and fastening needs can be translated into problems to address or opportunities for Command to tap into. 4. 3 Categorisation of consumers at that place are 2 main attributes- approach pattern and durability- which consumers look for in their ideal hook and this play a role in motivating their purchase of hooks. Hence, we would divide consumers into 2 main groups Innovalist and Functionalist. Innovalist Consumers who are looking for object and creativity when they purchase products. They desire to be different from the rest.They tend to go for products that stand out and they are willing to try new things. This group of consumers will tend to be more price inelastic. Functionalist Consumers who are concerned well-nigh functionality when they purchase products. They are not concerned virtually devise, bu t more on durability of hooks. For them, hooks are mainly utilise to hang things and do not serve any other purpose. This group of consumers will tend to be more price elastic. 4. 4 Effectiveness of current BTL strategies BTL strategies serve to complement the above-the-line (ATL) strategies used by Command.BTL strategies are designed to target more specifically to the target audience and to get consumers to purchase our product. The BTL strategies play a significantly crucial role in differentiating Command from others. From our primary research, the results obtained shed light on the effectiveness of Commands current BTL strategies. This map shows that Commands in store advertising is effective, as 74% respondents know about Command through compositions, mag and whilst shop. However, this is not a significant number and more can be through with(p) to increase the impact BTL strategies have on the target group.This chart shows that Commands in store advertising is effective, a s 74% respondents know about Command through papers, magazine and whilst shopping. However, this is not a significant number and more can be done to increase the impact BTL strategies have on the target group. Non-users of hooks are less conscious(predicate) of Command compared to users of hooks. This shows that Command is one of the top brands associated with hooks, but more can be done to increase non-users ken of Command hooks to establish their presence in non-users evoked set.Non-users of hooks are less aware of Command compared to users of hooks. This shows that Command is one of the top brands associated with hooks, but more can be done to increase non-users cognizance of Command hooks to establish their presence in non-users evoked set. 4. 4. 1 Primary Space For majority of the DIY stores patronized, Command products have a whole ledge space dedicated to it and could easily be distinguished from the rest of the brands. This offers Command a certain aim of publicity when shoppers are in the store.When Command products are placed together as a whole it is very striking and distinguishable, collecting shoppers attention easily. At the other stores including DIY stores, Command products are placed at the left column, hence whitethorn not attract much of consumers attention in comparison to products place in the center column. General hooks categorize accord to different colours and shapes Different sizes lessened, medium, medium-large bath accessories, kitchen General hooks classified according to different colours and shapes Different izes small, medium, big buns accessories, kitchen In stores where a shelf is not fully dedicated to Command products, the brands were divided into the respective rows and unionised accordingly in a columns as shown in the figure below. estimate 9 direct 9 Also Command has made use of irregular cardboard shelves, which are placed near the mounting and fastening section, as seen in HomeFix area Point. Howeve r, these shelves are tucked at a corner, facing into the store and can only be viewed when one is at the corner where Command hooks are.It is not strategically placed and thus the full potential of the effectiveness of such temporary shelves are not fully maximized, thereby losing the opportunity it have in influencing consumers purchase decision. We took into consideration the attainable space constraints face up in the store as a possible limitation of its effectiveness. 4. 4. 2 Secondary space It is discover that a more interactive advertising was used in HomeFix at Marina satisfying display of a glass console which illustrates how of Command bathroom accessories can be used in the bathroom- .This cabinet is effective as it is prominent, interactive and engaging, teasing consumer out of their boundaries when purchasing a low-involvement product. Shoppers attention is attracted and they are more wedded to go closer to the display. Furthermore, it acts as a optic aid, creat ing imagery in shoppers mind. Shoppers are encourage to visualize themselves using Command products at home, preeminent to them forming a positive bias, as they can intelligibly picture how Command products can play a part in their life.When they anticipated satisfaction in using the products, the vivid imagery they had earlier would sway consumers in their formation of preference, influencing their purchase decision. 4. 2. 3 marking Ads During our primary research, we were not able to find some local stigma adverts solely on Command. We managed to find an image of 3Ms advertisement on the front page of a Today publisher and another advertisement, which had 3M in huge pillowcase, while Command was just a small logo in the bottom right corner.In consistencies in advertisements like these have led to consumers confusion and the inability to differentiate between Command hooks and 3M hooks. Our recommendation would be based on overseas print advertisements by Command and the a dvertisements we rear on 3M and Command. 4. 2. 4 Promoters We did not notice any promoters when we conduct our primary research. Based on our secondary research, we found pictures of Command promoters. The promoters did not have a detectable dress code which allows them to be easily identified in the store. Promoters play an important role in creating public interest and increase product demand.They are the source of information shoppers can turn to when in doubt, helping in shoppers decision making process. We are not able to analyze this aspect of BTL in depth due to the lack of primary research available. 4. 2. 5 POSM The use of the well cognize local celebrity Bryan Wong has been effective in arriver out to consumers and possibly encouraging them to be more innovative in the area of home decor. This is can be attributed to his influence in the well-received programme, the Home interior decoration Survivor, which he has co-host for the past 4 seasons.He is known for his creat ivity and knack for being innovative. His good reputation, and the high level of reliability and credibility he established throughout the seasons, was a convincing factor for consumers who trust his advice and choice. Furthermore, the use of his pictures on Command in-store advertisements has influenced consumers and serves to motivate them that Command products are the best in the market. 5. 0 Recommendations These recommendations are specifically designed to target the 2 categories of consumers we have identified earlier.Using the insight gained from our results and findings about the gist of the associative networks- the linkages between the various concepts- consumers have, our recommendations are proposed with the aim to form the linkages which we want consumers to have when Command comes to mind. We propose 3 different BTL strategies that Command can focus on to inform, raise awareness and increase adoption rate. parry 2 Overview of 5 BTL Strategies Consumer/BTL Primary Spa ce Secondary Space POSM Print Ad Promoters Innovalist Strategising Space Allocation The pass To arbitrary triumph Visuality Is Key Functionalist . 1 Primary Space Command should occupy shelves at eye levels in outlets where it does not occupy the full shelf as research has shown that products placed at the eye levels get the most attention from shoppers though it does not help in improving the rating of the brand (Eric T. Bradlow, J. Wesley Hutchinson, Pierre Chandon & Scott H. teenaged 2009). In addition, securing a larger shelf space is helpful in increasing brand sales even when the price and location of the products remain unchanged (Eric T. Bradlow, J. Wesley Hutchinson, Pierre Chandon & Scott H. preadolescent 2009). 5. 1. Strategizing Space Allocation maiden Command should use words or attributes which Functionalists look out for in their purchases and include it in their in-store advertisements in allege to capture their attention and spur them to purchase. Fu rthermore, Command can explore using the temporary displays more efficiently, by strategically placing them in a style that would attract the most attention from shoppers. Also, the design of posters found at the top of the temporary shelves can be change as consumers are soon unable to associate them with Command when they view the posters from afar.A attempt of this poster is attached in the appendix. We propose that Command expand their shelf space, especially utilizing the eye level ranks and to craft and place its temporary shelves strategically deep down the space constraints faced in stores, in order to enhance its visual appeal and brand deferred payment among its consumers. 5. 2 Secondary Space 5. 2. 1 The lane to Commanding Success scheme This is an interactive path show to increase level of brand awareness and engage consumers in understanding Commands range of products and how the USPT works.The lane show targets both the Innovalists and the Functionalists thro ugh 4 activities at 2 different locations. A brief overview of the throw up is shown in the table below. Table 3 Overview of The Road To Commanding Success Project The Road To Commanding Success A B Venue primaeval * Outside Ngee Ann urban center * inside(a) CityLink Heartland * Pasir Ris * Tampines * Bedok When January 2011 (Before Chinese New category) 2 weekends 11am-9pm Type nonmoving Mobile (Moves from 1 location to the next) Others Media invited to cover detail at different venues Activities * What can you hang? struggle on-going * adopt and organize compete every(prenominal) hour * Sketch your idea Contest Ongoing * Live Advertisement (CityLink only) Ongoing 5. 2. 1. 1 What can you hang? Contest Participants will be invited onto comprise to give a originative answer on what can be hang on Commands hooks. Answers will be projected onto a screen on the stage. viewers can vote for the idea they find most creative and the top 10 winners of the day will walk away with a Command adherence (a full range of Command hooks) either at the road show or at 3Ms office at Yishun.This aims to engage the consumers by involving them in brainstorming about what Command hooks can offer them. In addition, this contest enables Command to get inspirations for future design and improvements to be made to their products by finding out how consumers wish to use Command products. 5. 2. 1. 2 dress and organize contest Participants will be prone a range of common household items (umbrella, keys, towel etc) and Command hooks. They will be tasked to organize all these using Command hooks within 5 minutes, during that succession they are allowed to make changes to the position of the hooks.Viewers will vote for the most creative adapter who will walk away with a miniskirt Command hamper (3 sets of different types of Command hooks). This application aims to instill in consumers how they can use Commands hooks and to demonstrate and justify Commands claim that its hooks can be removed easily and cleanly. 5. 2. 1. 3 Sketch your idea contest Participants are invited to sketch a creative design of a hook and these designs will be updated on Commands website and the voting intent would last 1 week following the road show.Voting would be done online and the top 10 winners will receive a Command hamper (a full range of Command hooks). This allow Command to understand what the Innovalists want in terms of the aesthetics of hooks which could be a stepping stone for Command to acquire hooks with new designs. much civilisation is under Future Plans. 5. 2. 1. 4. Live advertisement Command can use the many glass casings along the walkway of CityLink and hire models to stay in the glass casings and act out their lifestyle through using hooks.For example, the actor dresses up as a pupil and mounts Commands hooks on the wall, hangs an item, removes the hook and places it at another spot etc. Command can have 3 sets of actors and act out house hold, office, bathroom scenes which demonstrate how the different types of product can be used in each setting. This would be attention grabbing and interactive, serving to tease consumers about their tralatitious notion of a road show and at the same time enable them to form a vivid image of how the various Command products can be used unoriginally and creatively, creating the perceived need in consumers to purchase hooks.This road show project is effective as it can 1) boost product and brand recognition by 15 propagation compared to other forms of advertising and 2) achieves a 97% call back rate. 5. 2. 2 Is this your room? Start Living or Tidy Room, Long Living We propose that Command explore the use of more glass/ benefit display cabinets similar to that found in HomeFix at Marina Square, bringing the living room environment into the store and showing shoppers how the hooks can be used in the living room.The display would be rigid in a variety of places, from DIY stores to supermarkets in order to cater to the different consumer profiles who patronize the stores. This would be an effective way to influence shoppers unconsciously and introduce to them how the various Command products can play an important part in the various areas of their homes. The use of the tagline would differ depending on which target consumers Command is targeting. The tagline Is this your room? Start Living is for Innovalists while Tidy Room, Long Living is for Functionalist.The design of the living room in the display cabinet would be simple, one that encapsulates the essence of a living room. The proposed layout of the display is attached in the appendices. 5. 3 Print Ads 5. 3. 1 Visuality Is Key Instead of using the conventional style of being information oriented, Command should create ads that are more visually appealing by replacing words with graphics. In addition, the choice of words used is critical in distinguishing Command from competitors ads. The ads should be st ructured in a manner that caters to the preferences of our 2 categories of consumers.Specifically words or phrases like long-lived and ability to hold a certain saddle appeals to Functionalists. Innovalist would be attracted to products which appeals to their creativity. Thus, phrases such as infinite possibilities and anything anywhere appeals to them. Furthermore, the size of the ads should be larger than the current ones and have a high frequency of repetition, for this would increase the level of positive attitude to the brand and the purchase target (Chanthika Pornpitakpan 2004). However, in order to achieve effectiveness, Command has to pull up stakes the ads in order to reinforce its position in consumers memory.The ads would be shown approximately every 1-2 months in order to achieve a positive reaction from readers. We have designed different ads to illustrate our point and they are included in the appendix. The location of the various advertisements is shown below. Ta ble 4 Consumer Type Strategy Innovalist Place ads at arts centres eg. Esplanade Functionalist Place ads at populated places eg. flock stops, train stations 5. 4 Future Plans Our recommendations are designed to educate consumers that Command is superior to its competitors disdain their claims to provide the same quality, using the same technology and cheaper offering.To anchor its position as the preferred choice, Command needs to continue developing new innovative products and convey it to consumers in creative means. For the future, we propose that Command introduce its current line of adhesive hooks in an innovative way having varied shapes and designs and origin specific designs-. posers of the shapes Command can explore are shown in the pictures below. Doing so would further differentiate Command from its competitors and boosts its innovative brand image it also helps to interpret the need of buying hooks to a want to buy hooks. Table 4 mannikins of Innovatie Hook anatom ys pumpkin vine hooks design for Halloween Balloon hooks design for Birthdays Ang Bao hooks design for Chinese New Year Table 5 compositors cases of Innovative Hook Designs Table 5 archetypes of Innovative Hook Designs 6. 0 Controls & Limitations In the event of a wet weather, the road show may lose some of its attractiveness as shoppers tend to be more reserved in their participation during such situations. The road show would thus not be able to garner the attention it aims to achieve. Singapore being a tropical country, this will be unavoidable as our weather visualise may not be 100% true either.The risk could be limited by organizing less road show during the monsoon seasons. In print ads, we are not able to control the environment under which consumers view it. While we may have an advertisement on Command, depending on how they peruse the magazine or medium, readers may not be undefendable to the ad. Hence, Command might not be able to control the frequency at which one is heart-to-heart to its ads. Therefore, print ads will be a semipermanent rather than a short-term strategy. Command must(prenominal) ensure that they do not waste resources by having aggressive ad campaigns, but stick to an ad every 1-2 months as stated in our recommendation.References 1. Chanthika Pornpitakpan (2004), cross-cultural Differences in the effect of Ad Repetition and Ad Size Experiments with Americans, Germans and Singaporeans Journal of Euromarketing 13(2/3), 49-83 2. Company info http//www. wikinvest. com/ fund/3M_Company_(MMM) 3. Creative hook designs http//wildammo. com/2009/08/07/crazy-and-creative-wall-hooks/ http//freshome. com/2010/05/11/25-of-the-most-creative-wall-hook-designs/ 4. Eric T. Bradlow, J. Wesley Hutchinson, Pierre Chandon & Scott H. Young (2009), Does in-store marketing work?Effects of the number and position of shelf facings on brand attention and evaluation at the point of purchase, Journal of Marketing, 73, 1-17 5. JULIE A. EDELL and RICHARD STAELIN (1983), The selective information Processing of Pictures in Print Advertisements, JOURNAL OF CONSUMER RESEARCH, 10, 45-61 6. Kuus Oberecker, lea M. Wakolbinger and Michaela Denk (2009) The Effectiveness of Combining Online and Print Advertisements Is the Whole reform than the Individual Parts? , Journal of Advertising Research, 360-372 7. LEC http//www. lecinc. co. jp/ position/pr/index. tml 8. magic trick Mounts http//www. magicmounts. com/page4. htm 9. Roadshow Information http//www. roadshowadvertising. com Appendix Figure 11. The entire shelf space dedicated to CommandTM in HomeFix at hold on Point, SengKang Figure 11. The entire shelf space dedicated to CommandTM in HomeFix at toil Point, SengKang Figure 12. The shelf with competitors products in HomeFix at Compass Point, SengKang Figure 12. The shelf with competitors products in HomeFix at Compass Point, SengKang Figure 14. short-lived shelf B in HomeFix at Compasss Point, SengKang Figure 14.Temporary shelf B in HomeFix at Compasss Point, SengKang Figure 13. Temporary shelf A in HomeFix at Compass Point, SengKang Figure 13. Temporary shelf A in HomeFix at Compass Point, SengKang Figure 15. The display cabinet seen in HomeFix Marina Square Figure 15. The display cabinet seen in HomeFix Marina Square Figure 16. The 3M advertisement-collaboration with Giant hypermarts- in Today newspaper Figure 16. The 3M advertisement-collaboration with Giant hypermarts- in Today newspaper Figure 17. The advertisement with 3M in huge font and Command in smaller font.Such advertisements may hurl consumers further, especially when a significant number of consumers are not aware of Command Figure 17. The advertisement with 3M in huge font and Command in smaller font. Such advertisements may confuse consumers further, especially when a significant number of consumers are not aware of Command Venues for The Road To Commanding Success Project Figure 18. The 3 locations of The Road to Commanding Success Project Figure 18. The 3 locations of The Road to Commanding Success Project Figure 19. The open space area outside Ngee Ann City where The Road to Commanding Success Project will be heldFigure 19. The open space area outside Ngee Ann City where The Road to Commanding Success Project will be held Item address Miscellaneous Ngee Ann City Space Rental $3,900 CityLink Space Rental $1,140 Equipment/Logistics/ out-migration $4,600 What can you hang? Prizes $cl/set $3,000 Come and organize Prizes $15/set $300 Sketch your idea Prizes $150/set $1,500 Live Advertisement Labour $6/hour $360 Total $14, 800 Table 6. Estimated Cost for the The Road to Commanding Success Project Table 6. Estimated Cost for the The Road to Commanding Success Project Figure 21.Example of proposed print ad A Figure 21. Example of proposed print ad A Figure 20. Example of proposed print ad B Figure 20. Example of proposed print ad B Figure 22. Transportation of road show materials for Heartlands Figure 22. Trans portation of road show materials for Heartlands Our Observations The questions we used to guide us in our observations to ensure a certain level of consent among all the observations 1. The estimated age of the consumer. 2. Consumers actions in the decision making process * Which products they picked up * What kind of hooks does the shopper intends/ considering to purchase? What did they do with the product picked- flipped it over to read the inside information etc- * What products were they looking at? * Was the shopper influenced by any BTL strategies used by Command? 3. How long the decision making process takes 4. Shops staff actions during this process, if any. 5. Observe the BTL strategies sedulous by Command, if any. Observation 1. location HomeFix Compass Point Date begettere on the twenty-fifth September 2010 conviction worn out(p) 1 hour Observed an approximately 30 year old Chinese lady. She went to the Command products first and spent a reasonable amount of time there (about 10 minutes).She took up the hooks for kids, which has Walt Disney designs, at the bottom shelf and the general hooks. She walked away to the shelf displaying competitors products, took up the alloy hook by Sellery which cost $1. 60 and kept on holding onto it while she glance at the other hooks on display. She took up the wooden hook by LEC-which requires paste for installation- and cost $2. 90. It can carry a supreme load of 3kg. She flipped to the back of the publicity to read the instruction manual and lingered for a while sooner placing the LEC back. She also took up the concrete hook by Double-G.In the end, she bought the Sellery hook. She baffled the temporary display by Command 3M as her back was facing it when she was viewing the products in the shelf dedicated to Command products. No sign of metal hooks by command Observation 2. mending Selffix D. I. Y Store, Jurong Point Date Done on 30th September 2010 Time spent 45 mintues I noticed two customers in terested in the mounting and fastening section. The first customer knew scarce what he wanted, picked up a cheap brand costing $1. 50 and left. The hooks he purchased where a small hook that came in a set of three and had a peal to stick sign on it.His product awareness either showed he had strong brand awareness or was a routine buyer of hooks. The second customer was more of a first time buyer. She spent her time comparing brands, reading the information on the packaging and in the end decided to purchase a pair of large hooks. The packaging contained 3 hooks each was worth $2. 50. The consumers behaviour indicated that the hooks were for a particular purpose and was after a brand that could support the weight of what she needed to hang. Observation 3. Location Harbourfront Center Date 23 September 2010 Time spent 30 minutesThere were a total of 5 customers who purchased hooks during the 30 minutes observation. 1 of them was a female, while the rest were males. They were all wear ing office wear and looked in their mid 30s. The males seemed to be in a hurry as they simply came into the store, grabbed a hook and other DIY items before making payment. Out of the 4 males, only one decided to purchase a LEC hook instead of a Command hook. The female customer spent a little more time deciding on her hook purchase. She compared between the large and small sized Command hook. In the end, she decided on the larger one.Survey Questions Q1. Which age range are you in? a) 25-30 b) 31-35 c) 36-40 d) 41-45 Q2. Are you a a) Male? b) feminine? Q3. What is the range of your monthly HOUSEHOLD INCOME? a) Less than $4000 b) $4000 $6000 c) $6001 $8000 d) $8001 $10,000 e) More than $10,000 Q4. Do you currently use hooks? a) Yes (Move on the Q5) b) No (Move on to Q8) Q5. What type of hooks do you use and why? (Choose one which best describes your reason) Design Durability Convenience ( puff of removal and setting up) Re-Usable Dont use this hook Nail-On adhesive agent (Removable) Adhesive (Non-removable) Door Hanging sucking Q6. Where do you use the hooks? neer (Area has NONE) Sometimes (Area has some hooks) endlessly (Area has the most hooks) Bathroom Kitchen Bedroom Living Room Office Q7. What is your ideal hook? (Move on to Q12) Not significant at all Somewhat crucial Neutral Very Important Extremely Important Design of hook (Aesthetic) Design of hook (Shape) Ease of Use Re-Usability Durability Brand (Reputation) Price (Affordable Price) Q8. wherefore dont you use hooks? a) I make use of other instruments b) It is not part of my lifestyle (Never considered using hooks at all) c) I need to use it, but I have not gone to purchase it d) Others ____________________________ Q9. Would you be interested in hooks with adhesive strips that can be REMOVED CLEANLY? a) Yes b) No Q10. An ordinary hook which is not easily removable would cost between $2-$3. Would you be willing to p ay $4 for a hook with an adhesive strip that removes cleanly? a) Yes b) No Q11. set about you heard of hooks exchange by Command? ) Yes (Move on to Q18) b) No (Move on to Q21) Q12. Have you heard of hooks sold by Command? a) Yes (Move on to Q18) b) No (Move on to Q13) Q13. Do you currently use hooks with adhesive strips? a) Yes (Move on to Q14) b) No (Move on to Q16) Q14. What brand of hooks do you currently use? a) 3M b) Shunmei c) First choice d) LEC e) Magic Mounts f) Bostik g) IKEA h) Others _____________________ Q15. later removal, rate the extent of damage on the surface. I do not use this brand Non-removable Removes while damaging paint/wallpaper Removes cleanly Never tried removing before 3M Shunmei First Choice LEC Magic Mounts Bostik IKEA Q16. Would you be interested in hooks with adhesive strips that can be REMOVED CLEANLY? a) Yes b) No Q17. An ordinary hook which is not easily removable would cost between $2-$3. Would you be willing to pay $4 for a hook with an adhesive strip that removes cleanly? a) Yes (Move on to Q21) b) No (Move on to Q21) Q18. How did you find out about hooks by Command? a) Newspaper b) Magazines c) Friends & Family d) Internet e) Television f) While shopping g) Others _______________________Q19. What kind of hooks do you think are sold by Command? a) Nail-on b) Adhesive (Removable) c) Adhesive (Non-removable) d) Door hanging (hooks that ledge onto the top of doors) e) Suction f) Others ___________________ Q20. What other products do you think are sold by Command as well? a) Bathroom accessories b) Door stoppers c) Cord organization d) Computer games e) article of furniture f) Others ___________________ Q21. Which brand of hooks first comes to mind when glutinous STRIPS are mentioned? (Choose one) a) 3M b) Shunmei c) Command d) First Choice e) LEC f) Magic Mounts g) Bostik h) IKEAQ22. Which of the following brands of hooks first come to mind when the description REMOVES CLEANLY is mentio ned? (Choose one) a) 3M b) Shunmei c) Command d) First Choice e) LEC f) Magic Mounts g) Bostik h) IKEA Layout Plans for The Road To Commanding Success Project Stage sift for What can you hang? Contest Wall for Come and organise Contest booth for Sketch you idea Contest Command Products let out carrell Command Products Display carrel Booth for Command Products Booth for Command Products Booth for Command Products Command provide/ Promoter/ Emcee 25 thou 30 quantityStage Screen for What can you hang? Contest Wall for Come and organise Contest Booth for Sketch you idea Contest Command Products Display Booth Command Products Display Booth Booth for Command Products Booth for Command Products Booth for Command Products Command Staff/ Promoter/ Emcee 25 Meter 30 Meter Figure 2 General Layout for Central (excluding CityLink) and Heartlands Decorations such as fake flower garlands or drapes Fake Television fare Stereo come in (hung on the wall using CommandTM hooks) Curtains 1-sitter small waiting room Pictures /paintings (hung using CommandTM hooks)Table displaying Command Products Table containing Command products and household items for person to set up in the room 2. 5 Meter 7 Meter Decorations such as fake flower garlands or drapes Fake Television Set Stereo Set (hung on the wall using CommandTM hooks) Curtains 1-sitter small waiting room Pictures /paintings (hung using CommandTM hooks) Table displaying Command Products Table containing Command products and household items for person to set up in the room 2. 5 Meter 7 Meter Figure 3 General Layout for CityLink 1. 1 chiliad 1. 1 metre 1. 1 metre 1. 1 metre Figure 4 Layout of Display storage locker in storesFigure 4 Layout of Display locker in stores Layout plan for Instore Display 1 . The heartlands in the West and East side of Singapore. The outlets where these observations are done were at Selffix D. I. Y Store, Jurong Point HomeFix, Sengkang and Harbour front end Centre 2 . The exact que stions we used to guide us in our observations are in the Appendix 3 . Henceforth, we would refer to this hook as Command hooks, as we would hope to draw insights from respondents willingness to purchase hooks exhibiting the listed attributes which Command hooks do.We do understand that in reality, the brand of the hooks may play a role in moderating this purchase intention. 4 . Advertisements are found in the appendices. 5 . 80% of consumers are outdoors during this period of time 6 . The models would include students, housewives and working adults. This is done so as to allow shoppers to be able to relate to them better and visualize how they can use Command products in their lives. 7 . European Outdoor Advertising Association, Zurich, Switzerland 8 . Outdoor Advertising Magazine, July 2002